Wire drawing process

電梯廳門、吊頂?shù)炔讳P鋼裝飾件，采用表面處理好的板材加工成形，不銹鋼卷板經(jīng)整平、開料、表面處理、覆膜成板材，加工出來的裝飾件，表面帶有紋路，不需再進(jìn)行表面加工。電梯現(xiàn)場安裝完成后，撕掉保護膜就能起到相應(yīng)拉絲、鏡面等裝飾效果。

Stainless steel decorative parts such as elevator hall doors and suspended ceilings are processed and formed using surface treated sheet metal. The stainless steel coil plate is leveled, cut, surface treated, and coated into a sheet metal. The processed decorative parts have patterns on the surface and do not require further surface processing. After the on-site installation of the elevator is completed, tearing off the protective film can achieve corresponding decorative effects such as wire drawing and mirror surface.

拉絲工藝是不銹鋼各類表面處理工藝當(dāng)中較為常用的一種。板材拉絲是通過砂帶研磨，砂帶快速旋轉(zhuǎn)，板材由輸送帶通過砂帶，前面用磨料號數(shù)較大砂帶（磨料號數(shù)越大，粒度越小，切削量越小，易于消除表面雜質(zhì)），后面用號數(shù)小的砂帶，對金屬表面進(jìn)行打磨，使表面得到一層粗細(xì)分布均勻的宏觀紋路，也會在一定程度上減少不銹鋼板的厚度（一般減少0.1 ～ 0.2mm）。電梯中不銹鋼板材常用拉絲工藝效果一般為長紋、短紋（雪花砂）、亂紋等，具體工藝方法介紹如下。

Wire drawing process is a commonly used surface treatment process for stainless steel. Sheet metal wire drawing is achieved by grinding with a sand belt, which rotates rapidly. The sheet metal passes through the belt by a conveyor belt. The front uses a larger number of abrasive belts (the larger the abrasive number, the smaller the particle size, and the smaller the cutting amount, making it easier to eliminate surface impurities), and the back uses a smaller number of abrasive belts to polish the metal surface, resulting in a layer of uniformly distributed macroscopic patterns of thickness, It will also reduce the thickness of stainless steel plates to a certain extent (generally reducing by 0.1-0.2mm). The commonly used wire drawing processes for stainless steel plates in elevators generally have long lines, short lines (snowflake sand), random lines, etc. The specific process methods are introduced as follows.

⑴長紋。通過在不銹鋼表面用砂帶機械來回打磨的方法加工處理后，得到表面狀態(tài)為直線無斷續(xù)的紋路，加工成電梯產(chǎn)品的裝飾效果如圖2 所示。

(1) Long lines. After machining and processing the stainless steel surface using a sandbelt mechanical back and forth polishing method, the surface state is straight and uninterrupted, and the decorative effect of the processed elevator product is shown in Figure 2.

⑵短紋。砂帶研磨與不銹鋼表面縱向研磨時，砂帶以一定的頻率左右振動研磨，其加工表面呈斷續(xù)狀，同時呈現(xiàn)出一種類似雪花的晶粒效果，所以也稱為雪花砂，加工成電梯產(chǎn)品裝飾效果如圖3 所示。

⑵ Short lines. When abrasive belt grinding and longitudinal grinding of stainless steel surfaces, the abrasive belt vibrates left and right at a certain frequency, resulting in a discontinuous surface and a grain like effect similar to snowflakes. Therefore, it is also known as snowflake sand, and the decorative effect of elevator products processed is shown in Figure 3.

⑶亂紋。亂紋又叫和紋，是用砂帶不規(guī)則地上下左右擺動研磨而形成的一種無規(guī)則、無明顯紋路的拉絲紋，遠(yuǎn)觀是一圈一圈的旋紋，近觀是雜亂無章的亂紋，因紋路特殊，亂紋耐刻劃性能、抗指紋性能更好，加工成電梯產(chǎn)品裝飾

⑶ Random patterns. Chaos pattern, also known as harmony pattern, is an irregular and indistinct wire drawing pattern formed by grinding the sand belt irregularly up, down, left, and right. From a distance, it is a circle of spiral patterns, while from a close view, it is a disorderly and disorderly pattern. Due to the special pattern, Chaos pattern has better scratch resistance and fingerprint resistance, and is processed into elevator product decoration

拉絲工藝加工紋路的粗細(xì)要深淺一致均勻，產(chǎn)品每一面的紋路根據(jù)設(shè)計和施工要求，達(dá)到自然美觀的效果，產(chǎn)品的彎位允許有輕微的不影響外觀的絮亂紋路，加工出來的不銹鋼板擁有質(zhì)感。我們看到的拉絲不銹鋼能夠清晰的顯現(xiàn)每一根細(xì)微絲痕，使不銹鋼啞光中泛出細(xì)密的發(fā)絲光澤，這么特別的絲狀紋路看得見摸不著（因為絲紋比較精細(xì)，即使摸上去也不會有任何感覺）。

The thickness of the patterns processed by the wire drawing process should be consistent and uniform in depth. The patterns on each side of the product should meet the design and construction requirements to achieve a natural and beautiful effect. The bending position of the product allows for slight flocculent patterns that do not affect the appearance. The processed stainless steel plate has a texture. The brushed stainless steel we see can clearly show every tiny thread mark, giving the stainless steel a dense luster in the matte. Such a special filamentous pattern can be seen but not touched (because the silk pattern is relatively fine, even if touched, there will be no feeling).

不銹鋼鏡面拋光

Stainless steel mirror polishing

鏡面在不銹鋼中裝飾檔次較高，加工工藝比拉絲要復(fù)雜，是在原板表面采用機械式拋光，使表面平坦，光度與鏡面相同，可以分為打磨和出光兩部分。打磨又分粗磨、半精磨、精磨三個工序，出光分為打蠟、光亮兩個工序，整個工序可以總結(jié)為粗磨→半精磨→精磨→打蠟→光亮，操作步驟如下。

Mirror surface has a higher decorative grade in stainless steel, and the processing process is more complex than wire drawing. It uses mechanical polishing on the surface of the original board to make the surface flat, with the same brightness as the mirror surface. It can be divided into two parts: polishing and polishing. Polishing is divided into three processes: rough grinding, semi precision grinding, and precision grinding. The polishing process is divided into two processes: waxing and polishing. The entire process can be summarized as rough grinding, semi precision grinding, precision grinding, waxing, and polishing. The operating steps are as follows.

⑴粗磨。選用料號較小的磨料，一般選用600# 砂帶，往返成直線對板材表面進(jìn)行打磨，去除板材表面雜質(zhì)和粗糙的地方。

(1) Rough grinding. Select abrasive with smaller material numbers, usually using 600 # abrasive tape, and grind the surface of the board in a straight line to remove impurities and rough areas on the board surface.

⑵半精磨。用800# 砂帶按照步方法打磨表面，主要是對粗磨后產(chǎn)生的印痕進(jìn)一步的細(xì)磨，達(dá)到表面無印痕，基本變亮。

⑵ Semi precision grinding. Use 800 # abrasive tape to polish the surface according to the first step method, mainly to further fine grind the marks generated after rough grinding, until the surface is free of marks and basically brightens.

⑶精磨。用1000# 砂帶繼續(xù)打磨，主要是對板材表面的細(xì)小紋線修正磨削，板材表面進(jìn)一步變亮，基本接近鏡面效果。

⑶ Fine grinding. Continue polishing with 1000 # abrasive tape, mainly to correct and grind the small lines on the surface of the board, further brightening the surface of the board, which is basically close to the mirror effect.

⑷打蠟。選用羊毛輪和青蠟，在羊毛輪上粘滿青蠟，用上述拋光方法對板材表面進(jìn)行鏡面磨光，本工序主要目的是完成板材鏡面磨光，而不是進(jìn)一步磨削。

(4) Waxing. Select a wool wheel and green wax, apply green wax fully to the wool wheel, and use the above polishing method to mirror polish the surface of the board. The main purpose of this process is to complete the mirror polishing of the board, rather than further grinding.

⑸光亮。本工序是一道工序，用干凈的棉布輪對經(jīng)過鏡面后的板材進(jìn)行表面摩擦，目的是將板材表面擦干凈、擦亮。

(5) Brightness. This process is the last one, where a clean cotton cloth is used to rub the surface of the mirrored board, with the aim of cleaning and polishing the surface of the board.

經(jīng)上述鏡面拋光工序后，板材表面要無沙紋和橘皮紋，表面平整，不得出現(xiàn)凹陷凸起或高低起伏的波浪面（哈哈鏡），亮度達(dá)到8K，加工成電梯吊頂裝飾效果如圖5 所示。8K 中的“8”是指含合金成分的比例度，“K”是指經(jīng)過拋光加工后的反射率所達(dá)到的等級（K 級為鏡面反射等級），8K 鏡面也就是鉻鎳合金鋼所體現(xiàn)的鏡面等級。現(xiàn)在常見的鏡面不銹鋼板由于精細(xì)程度不同，還被引申出了6K、10K 以及12K 等，數(shù)字越大，鏡面的精細(xì)度也就會越高，因此其表面的亮度越高，反射率越大。

After the above mirror polishing process, the surface of the board should be free of sand and orange peel lines, and the surface should be flat, without any concave, convex or undulating wave surfaces (haha mirror). The brightness should reach 8K, and the decorative effect of the elevator ceiling processed is shown in Figure 5. The "8" in 8K refers to the proportion of alloy components, the "K" refers to the level of reflectivity achieved after polishing (K level is the mirror reflection level), and the 8K mirror surface is also the mirror surface level reflected in chromium nickel alloy steel. Nowadays, common mirror stainless steel plates have been extended to include 6K, 10K, and 12K due to varying degrees of fineness. The larger the number, the higher the fineness of the mirror surface. Therefore, the higher the brightness of the surface, the greater the reflectivity.

不銹鋼鍍色工藝

Stainless steel color plating process

不銹鋼鍍色采用PVD 真空等離子電鍍工藝，是在真空條件下，采用低電壓、大電流的電弧放電技術(shù)，利用氣體放電使固態(tài)涂層蒸發(fā)并被電離，在電場的作用下，使被蒸發(fā)的涂層沉積在不銹鋼表面上，可鍍寶石藍(lán)、黑色、咖啡色、七彩色、鋯金色、青銅色、古銅色、玫瑰色、香檳金色、淺綠色等顏色。鍍色用的板材，可以使用拉絲、鏡面等不銹鋼來電鍍，形成的彩色不銹鋼保持了原不銹鋼的物理、化學(xué)、機械性能，還豐富了不銹鋼表面外觀，又

The PVD vacuum plasma electroplating process is used for stainless steel plating. Under vacuum conditions, low voltage and high current arc discharge technology is used to evaporate and ionize the solid coating. Under the action of an electric field, the evaporated coating is deposited on the surface of stainless steel. It can be plated with colors such as sapphire blue, black, coffee, seven colors, zirconium gold, bronze, bronze, rose, champagne gold, light green, etc. The plate used for color plating can be electroplated with stainless steel such as wire drawing and mirror surface. The formed colored stainless steel maintains the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the original stainless steel, and also enriches the surface appearance of the stainless steel

電梯不銹鋼的保養(yǎng)

Maintenance of elevator stainless steel

無論是拉絲、鏡面不銹鋼，還是鍍色不銹鋼，它們不是不會生銹的鋼鐵，而是指不容易生銹的鋼鐵，耐空氣、蒸汽、水等弱腐蝕介質(zhì)。電梯使用環(huán)境不盡相同，如遇到腐蝕環(huán)境，不銹鋼表面鈍化膜被破壞，會受到腐蝕，而且電梯不銹鋼產(chǎn)品時間長了，表面亮度會變暗，因此保養(yǎng)也是件很重要的事情。電梯不銹鋼保養(yǎng)工作視實際情況而定，常用方法有：⑴不銹鋼表面有灰塵以及易除掉污垢物，用肥皂、弱洗滌劑或溫水清洗；⑵不銹鋼表面有油脂、油等雜質(zhì)，先用柔軟的干布擦干凈，再用中性洗滌劑、氨溶液或?qū)Ｓ孟礈靹┣逑矗虎遣讳P鋼表面粘貼了廣告，商標(biāo)先用溫水、弱洗滌劑來洗，粘結(jié)劑成分使用酒精或有機溶劑擦洗；⑷不銹鋼表面有酸附著，先后用水沖洗和用氨溶液浸洗，再用中性洗滌劑或溫水洗滌；⑸禁止使用鋼絲球、研磨工具等，避免清洗不銹鋼表面時出現(xiàn)表面劃傷現(xiàn)象。

Whether it is brushed, mirror stainless steel, or plated stainless steel, they are not stainless steel that does not rust, but rather steel that is not easily rusted and resistant to weak corrosive media such as air, steam, and water. The usage environment of elevators varies. If encountering a corrosive environment, the passivation film on the stainless steel surface is damaged, which will cause corrosion. Moreover, over time, the surface brightness of elevator stainless steel products will decrease, so maintenance is also a very important thing. The maintenance of elevator stainless steel depends on the actual situation. The commonly used methods include: (1) cleaning the stainless steel surface with soap, weak detergent, or warm water if there is dust or dirt that is easy to remove; (2) If there are impurities such as grease and oil on the surface of stainless steel, first wipe it clean with a soft dry cloth, and then clean it with neutral detergent, ammonia solution or special detergent; ⑶ The stainless steel surface is pasted with advertisements, and the trademark is first washed with warm water and weak detergent, while the adhesive component is wiped with alcohol or organic solvent There is acid adhesion on the surface of stainless steel, which is washed with water and then soaked with ammonia solution, and then washed with neutral detergent or warm water It is prohibited to use steel wire balls, grinding tools, etc. to avoid surface scratches when cleaning the stainless steel surface.

當(dāng)前，電梯行業(yè)已進(jìn)入微利時代，原材料價格不斷上漲，人工成本逐年遞增，生產(chǎn)中各種輔料價格也水漲船高，利潤被壓縮到極限，企業(yè)迫切降低生產(chǎn)成本，保持在市場的競爭力。為迎合企業(yè)降本需求，市場上出現(xiàn)了430D 不銹鋼、復(fù)合不銹鋼等新型材料，來替代價格昂貴的不銹鋼，價格具有一定優(yōu)勢。各電梯企業(yè)，可在產(chǎn)品中試制驗證、推廣應(yīng)用新材料，同時不斷開展產(chǎn)品“輕量化”、“精美化”工作，降低生產(chǎn)成本，保持市場競爭優(yōu)勢。

At present, the elevator industry has entered an era of meager profits, with raw material prices constantly rising and labor costs increasing year by year. The prices of various auxiliary materials in production have also skyrocketed, and profits have been compressed to the limit. Enterprises are eager to reduce production costs and maintain competitiveness in the market. In order to meet the cost reduction needs of enterprises, new materials such as 430D stainless steel and composite stainless steel have emerged in the market to replace expensive stainless steel, which has certain advantages in price. Each elevator enterprise can trial produce, verify, promote and apply new materials in their products, and continuously carry out product "lightweight" and "exquisite" work to reduce production costs and maintain market competitive advantages.

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